Chemical modification of L-glutamine to alpha-amino glutarimide on autoclaving facilitates Agrobacterium infection of host and non-host plants: A new use of a known compound

Table 2 GUS expression after 2 days of co-cultivation in leaf explants transformed using different A. tumefaciens population densities

S. No.	Plant species	A. tumefaciens population density (cfu ml^-1) versus GUS expression in different plant species
		1 × 10⁷				1 × 10⁸				1 × 10⁹				1 × 10¹⁰
		Cont*	GlA₂₀	5-oxo proline	GlA₄₀	Cont	GlA₂₀	5-oxo proline	GlA₄₀	Cont	GlA₂₀	5-oxo proline	GlA₄₀	Cont	GlA₂₀	5-oxo proline	GlA₄₀
1.	Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)	++	-	-	++	++	-	-	++	+++++	-	-	+++++	-	-	-	-
2.	Podophyllum hexandrum (Indian may apple)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	++++	-	-	-	-
3.	Aloe vera (aloe)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	++	-	-	-	++
4.	Lavendula officinalis (lavender)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+++	-	-	-	-
5.	Rosa sp. (Wild rose)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+++	-	-	-	-
6.	Malus domestica (apple rootstock)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	++	-	-	-	+++++	-	-	-	-
7.	Dendrocalamus asper (bamboo)	-	-	-	++	-	-	-	+++	-	-	-	+++++	-	-	-	++++
8.	Cynodon dactylon (grass)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	++++	-	-	-	++++
9.	Zea mays (maize)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	++	-	-	-	+++	-	-	-	+++
10.	Oryza sativa (rice)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+++	+++	-	-	++++	+++	-	-	++++
11.	Aurocaria (gymnosperm)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	++++	-	-	-	++++
12.	Dryopteris (fern, pteridophyte)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	++++	-	-	-	++++

where Cont* = control; + = one to five tiny blue spots; ++ = one to two large blue spots; +++ = small or faint blue patches; ++++ = large blue patch covering almost quarter of the leaf surface; and +++++ = entire leaf showed distinct blue color